For millions of people, biometric security, or the use of unique personal characteristics such as fingerprints or facial recognition to confirm a person’s identity, has become an everyday process. These technologies are now deeply integrated into a huge variety of activities. From unlocking smartphones to authorising mobile payments. It’s quick, efficient and, compared to many other methods, relatively secure.
The underlying principles are long established. Fingerprinting can be traced back to around 500 BC, when it was used on clay tablets as a form of signature. In more contemporary terms, by the 1970s and 1980s, biometric systems began appearing in government and defence environments. Although these nascent technologies were expensive and slow.
Commercial adoption only became viable in the last 30 years or so as computing power increased, when applications were focused on workplace access control rather than payments. The real breakthrough came with smartphone integration. This began with fingerprint sensors on consumer devices, such as Apple’s Touch ID and Face ID, which are now extremely popular.
A Growing Ecosystem
A quick glance at the underlying trends reveals just how rapidly the ecosystem is now expanding. According to Juniper Research, for example, by 2028, the total in-store transaction value for biometric payments is expected to reach $1.2 trillion across 46 billion biometric-enabled transactions globally. While that’s already impressive, there is still enormous growth potential.
The problem is, adoption is starting to outpace trust. A recent study published by the Identity Theft Resource Center (ITRC), revealed that while nearly 90% of respondents had been asked to provide a biometric to verify their identity in the past year, nearly two-thirds expressed serious concerns about doing so. Moreover, 39% went as far as to say that the use of biometrics should be banned for both identity verification and/or recognition.
Consent First Design
So, what can be done to close this trust gap and help ensure biometrics are used across fintechs as a more secure alternative to passwords and PINs? One area that requires more emphasis is consent-based design. Whereby users are given clear and revocable permission regarding how their biometric data is collected, stored, and used.
In practical terms, a consent-first design could resemble a digital wallet that provides users with clear, active choices regarding the use of biometrics. During setup, biometric authentication is optional and switched off by default. The app explains what data is collected, where it is stored and how to disable it later. During the payment process, all matching occurs locally on the device, rather than in a central database, and independent certification confirms compliance with data protection standards.
These processes must also be designed so they continue to act in the best interests of users. For example, consent should be viewed as an ongoing decision, rather than a one-time formality. Users must be able to revisit and change biometric permissions at any point and without difficulty. Settings should not be buried under layers of menus and options. They should be readily available so that users understand they are in control at all times.
Biometric Authentication
For example, if a user decides they no longer want to use biometric authentication in their payment app, they should be able to switch that functionality off with a single action. In these circumstances, the app immediately reverts to PIN or password authentication, so access isn’t disrupted. At the same time, any biometric templates held on the device are securely deleted.
If the user chooses to close their account entirely, the deletion workflow should extend to all associated data, so nothing is retained unnecessarily. Users should then receive a notification that their biometric identifiers are no longer stored.
Even these relatively basic processes can help put users in a much stronger position to understand and control the use of their biometrics. And don’t forget, this isn’t just a nice-to-have; it is increasingly a regulatory requirement issued by the EU and other authorities worldwide. GDPR is a good example, as it classifies biometric data as a special category of data and prohibits processing it unless explicit consent or another lawful basis applies.
Closing the Trust Gap
Let’s be in no doubt: trust (or the lack of it) is a real problem across the payments ecosystem. Including those organisations that rely on biometrics. In many current environments, a persistent trust gap, uneven implementation and mixed user experiences show that compliance alone does not guarantee confidence. Better progress now depends on practical execution, clear communication at the point of use, and systems that make data handling visible and auditable. Collectively, these processes can help reassure people that organisations are doing the right thing consistently and for the right reasons.
As a result, transparency and education are now key to improving confidence, ensuring users understand how their biometric data is protected and how they can stay in control. For many FinTechs, this requires a shift in mindset, where transparency is seen as a core product feature, rather than an afterthought or compliance tick box. With consent first design principles in place, users should be regularly reminded about where their biometric data resides and how to delete it.
Additionally, regular external audits or certifications help demonstrate accountability and ensure FinTechs operate to recognised standards. Granted, relatively few consumers are likely to study the fine details, but the act of being credibly audited is an important contributor to the way consumers build trust.
Trust as a Competitive Advantage
In these circumstances, trust can actually evolve into a competitive advantage. Transparent payment systems and processes will always face fewer adoption barriers, fewer customer complaints and possess stronger reputational resilience in the event of incidents. Ultimately, the more open and consistent the provider, the more users adopt and stay engaged. In markets where penetration is still low, a consent-first design and a focus on trust will reassure users that they will always remain in control of their data. Encouraging increased adoption of newer, seamless payment methods.
Regardless of how you look at it, the need for change is becoming increasingly urgent. Biometric payments are evolving beyond single-factor models toward richer, multimodal processes that introduce a combination of fingerprints, facial recognition, voice patterns and behavioural signals. As these capabilities mature, they will be applied in a wider variety of payment contexts, ranging from in-store to remote authentication and open banking apps.
This will only serve to heighten expectations around transparency and user control. In this environment, consent-first design does more than support regulatory compliance; it lays the foundation for future adoption by building systems that are flexible enough to accommodate new biometric methods without compromising user trust. As consumers become more digitally savvy and accustomed to a culture where switching between service providers is relatively easy, building trust in biometrics will contribute significantly to FinTech success.
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